The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward” but ...

Matching a sensor interface with a programmable logic converter or controller hardware that can accept only one type of input—npn or pnp—can be difficult. The last-stage modification circuit described ...

The MAX14838/MAX14839 24 V/100 mA drivers are optimized for use in industrial sensors. These devices integrate all of the high-voltage (24 V) circuitry commonly found in industrial sensors, including ...

With their new PNP/NPN converter, Wago helps increase machine functionality providing one part for four different conversions. The 2000 Series isolatin converter can be used to accommodate four signal ...