This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Formulas are given for the expectation and variance of the number of components for two definitions of random graphs. The results extend those ...

Discover how efficiency variance reveals the gap between expected and actual inputs in production and its impact on labor, materials, and costs.

Christenson, Charles. "Managing against Expectations (A): An Introduction to Profit Variance Analysis." Harvard Business School Background Note 182-013, July 1981.

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